User equipment registration redistribution in a MSC pool

ABSTRACT

A system, methods, nodes and computer program for redistributing a registration of a UE (100) from a first MSC (320) to a second MSC (124) is provided. The first MSC (320) and the second MSCs (124) are members of a pool of MSCs (130). The UE (100) is registered in the first MSC (320) and is attached to the first MSC (320) via a packet control node (340, 440) such as MME or SGSN. The first MSC (320) receives an order from an O&amp;M center to redistribute the registrations of UEs (100) in the pool. The first MSC (320) sends a redistribution order to the packet control node (340, 440). The packet control node (340, 440) triggers the UE (100) to perform a routing or tracking area update procedure and triggers a location area update procedure to the second MSC (124), causing the UE (100) to be registered to the second MSC (124).

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to telecommunications and in particular toa system, methods, nodes and computer program for redistribution of auser equipment registration in a MSC pool.

BACKGROUND

The MSC (Mobile Switching Center) pool is a group of MSC nodes sharingin parallel the traffic generated from one and only one MSC pool area.BSC (Base Station Controller) or RNC (Radio Network Controller) radioaccess nodes belonging to an MSC pool area are connected to all the MSCsof the MSC pool.

When partial or full traffic load removal is needed in a MSC node, e.g.when to perform scheduled maintenance or when to perform loadredistribution among the MSC pool members, the MSC Pool Redistributionfunction can be used. This minimizes traffic disturbances, e.g. duringthe maintenance work of the MSC.

The MSC Pool Redistribution function can also be used to quicklyredistribute UE (user equipment) registration in order to balance thetraffic load in the MSC pool when a new MSC or BSC/RNC node is added toor removed from the MSC pool.

MSC Pool Redistribution allows moving UE registrations from an MSCbelonging to a pool to any other or to a specified target MSC poolmember. The operator can specify the percentage of the UE registrationsto be redistributed to any other or to a specific target MSC poolmember.

If MSC Pool redistribution is ordered for a number of UE registrations,the MSC selects the UE registrations that are to be redistributed toother MSCs of the pool. The selection avoids selecting only subscribersthat were more active than others.

FIG. 2 shows the prior art signaling sequence for redistributing anumber of UE (100) registrations registered in MSC 1 (120) by showingthe example of moving a single UE (100) registration to MSC 2 (124),where MSC 1 (120) and MSC 2 (124) are both members of the same pool ofMSCs (130). The following steps are performed:

-   1) The operator initiates the procedure by issuing an O&M (operation    and maintenance) instruction to redistribute UE 100 registrations.    The MSC 1 120 selects the UE 100 registrations to be redistributed.-   2) A UE 100 is performing a location update procedure, or initiates    an originating call or a short message.-   3) The BSC/RNC 110 identifies the handling MSC 1 120 using the NRI    (network resource indicator) part of the TMSI (Temporary Mobile    Subscriber Identity) contained in the received message.-   4) The BSC/RNC 110 routes the message to the MSC 1 120.-   5) MSC 1 120 checks if this UE 100 registration is marked for    redistribution to another MSC 122, 124 of the pool of MSCs 130.-   6) In case the UE 100 registration is marked for redistribution,    then MSC 1 120 initiates TMSI reallocation using a Null-NRI in the    new TMSI. The TMSI reallocation comprises also a non-broadcast LAI    (Location Area Identity).    -   Each MSC in a pool 130 has assigned one unique non-broadcast LAI        that it uses in case it wants to be offloaded. Each MSC in the        pool 130 has to be aware of the non-broadcast LAI/RAI assigned        to the other MSCs in the pool, because in case of        redistribution, the target MSC will retrieve data (e.g. IMSI,        security context, mobility context) from the offloaded MSC based        on non-broadcast LAI.-   7) Location Update Accept is send to the UE 100 from the MSC 1 120.-   8) The UE 100 performs a new location update using the newly    allocated TMSI containing the Null-NRI.-   9) The BSC/RNC 110 does not recognize the Null-NRI and derives that    a new MSC 122, 124 shall be selected from the pool of MSCs 130,    using a selection logic for a new subscriber. The MSC 1 120, that is    on redistribution, is blocked for new UE 100 registrations in the    BSC/RNC distribution function. In this scenario, the BSC/RNC 110    selects MSC 3 124.-   10) The BSC/RNC 110 sends the Location Update message to the MSC 3    124. MSC 3 124 registers the UE 100.-   11) MSC 3 124 performs TMSI reallocation using its own NRI. Then MSC    3 124 contacts the HLR 150 (Home Location Register) and a Cancel    Location procedure initiated from HLR 150 removes the UE 100    registration from the MSC 1 120 (not depicted in the figure).-   12) MSC 2 120 sends Location Update message to the UE 100.    Redistribution is finished and UE 100 registration is redistributed    to MSC 3 124 of the pool.

However, UEs 100 can be attached to a MSC 120 not only via a BSC/RNC 110radio access node, but also via a packet based radio interface. In thiscase the UE 100 is attached to the MSC 120 via a SGSN (Serving GatewaySupport Node) or MME (Mobility Management Entity) packet node 140.

For the time being SGs (SGs-interface between a MME and a MSC) or Gs(Gs-interface between a SGSN and a MSC)-attached subscribers are notconsidered in the standard UE registration redistribution mechanism. Inthe prior art mechanism SGs/Gs-attached UEs cannot be selected, so theseUEs cannot be redistributed to another MSC of the pool.

This implies that today it is impossible to completely offload a MSC,since the SGs/Gs-attached subscribers will remain registered in the MSC.With the strong trend towards LTE (Long Term Evolution) radio using theSGs attachment to the MSC, more and more subscribers will be attached tothe MSC via SGs/Gs-interface. So this problem increases significantly,rendering the standard UE registration redistribution function useless.

SUMMARY

There is a clear need for an improved UE registration redistributionfunction in a MSC pool, taking also into account UEs attached viaSGs/Gs-interface.

It is an object of the present invention to improve the redistributionof UE registrations in a pool of MSCs. This object is achieved by theindependent claims. Advantageous embodiments are described in thedependent claims.

According to an exemplary aspect of the invention, a method forredistributing a registration of a user equipment from a first MSC to asecond MSC is provided. The first MSC and the second MSC are members ofa pool of MSCs and the user equipment is registered in the first MSC andis attached to the first MSC via a packet control node. The methodcomprises that the first MSC receives an instruction to redistributeuser equipment registrations and sends a redistribution order to thepacket control node. The method further comprises that the packetcontrol triggers the user equipment to perform a routing or trackingarea update procedure and triggers the user equipment to be registeredto the second MSC.

According to another exemplary aspect of the invention, a method in afirst MSC for redistributing a registration of a user equipment from thefirst MSC to a second MSC is provided. The first MSC and the second MSCare members of a pool of MSCs and the user equipment is registered inthe first MSC and is attached to the first MSC via a packet controlnode. The method comprises to receive an instruction to redistributeuser equipment registrations and to send a redistribution order to thepacket control node.

According to another exemplary aspect of the invention, a method in apacket control node for redistributing a registration of a userequipment from a first MSC to a second MSC is provided. The first MSCand the second MSC are members of a pool of MSCs and the user equipmentis registered in the first MSC and is attached to the first MSC via thepacket control node. The method comprises to receive from the first MSC,a redistribution order to redistribute the registration of the userequipment. The method further comprises to trigger the user equipment toperform a routing or tracking area update procedure and to trigger theuser equipment to be registered to the second MSC.

According to another exemplary aspect of the invention, a first MSC forredistributing a registration of a user equipment from the first MSC toa second MSC is provided. The first MSC and the second MSC are membersof a pool of MSCs and the user equipment is registered in the first MSCand is attached to the first MSC via a packet control node. The firstMSC comprises a receiving unit adapted to receive an instruction toredistribute user equipment registrations and a sending unit adapted tosend a redistribution order to the packet control node.

According to another exemplary aspect of the invention, a packet controlnode for redistributing a registration of a user equipment from a firstMSC to a second MSC is provided. The first MSC and the second MSC aremembers of a pool of MSCs and the user equipment is registered in thefirst MSC and is attached to the first MSC via the packet control node.The packet control node comprises a receiving unit adapted to receive,from the first MSC, a redistribution order to redistribute theregistration of the user equipment. The packet control node furthercomprises a first trigger unit adapted to trigger the user equipment toperform a routing or tracking area update procedure, and a secondtrigger unit adapted to trigger the user equipment to be registered tothe second MSC.

According to another exemplary aspect of the invention, a system forredistributing a registration of a user equipment from a first MSC to asecond MSC is provided. The first MSC and the second MSC are members ofa pool of MSCs and the user equipment is registered in the first MSC andis attached to the first MSC via a packet control node. The systemcomprises the first MSC, the second MSC, the packet control node, theuser equipment, a Home Location Register, and an Operation andMaintenance Center.

As to a still further aspect, a computer program product is provided.The computer program product comprises program code portions forperforming the steps of any one of above aspects, e.g., when thecomputer program product is executed on one or more computing devices.The computer program product may be provided on a computer-readablerecording medium and/or for download onto such a computer-readablerecording medium in a data network, e.g., the communications networkand/or the Internet.

The foregoing and other objects, features and advantages of the presentinvention will become more apparent in the following detaileddescription of embodiments of the invention illustrated in theaccompanying drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Further characteristics and advantages of the invention will becomebetter apparent from the detailed description of particular but notexclusive embodiments, illustrated by way of non-limiting examples inthe accompanying drawings, wherein:

FIG. 1 show diagram illustrating a system for MSC in Pool, where a UE isattached to a MSC of the pool via a packet control node according to theinvention;

FIG. 2 shows a sequence diagram for redistribution of a UE registration,where the UE is attached to a MSC of the pool via a BSC/RNC access nodeaccording to prior art;

FIG. 3 shows a sequence diagram for redistribution of a UE registration,where the UE is attached to a MSC of the pool via a MME node andSGs-interface according to the invention;

FIG. 4 shows a sequence diagram for redistribution of a UE registration,where the UE is attached to a MSC of the pool via a SGSN node andGs-interface according to the invention;

FIG. 5 shows a flow diagram in a MSC acting as first MSC according tothe invention;

FIG. 6 shows a flow diagram in a packet control node according to theinvention;

FIG. 7 shows a block diagram illustrating a MSC acting as first MSCaccording to the invention;

FIG. 8 shows a block diagram illustrating a packet control nodeaccording to the invention;

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

In the following, a system, methods, nodes, and computer programs forredistribution of a UE registration in a pool of MSCs according to theinvention are described in more detail.

Within the context of the present application, the term “user equipment”(UE) refers to a device for instance used by a person for his or herpersonal communication. It can be a telephone type of device, forexample a telephone or a SIP phone, cellular telephone, a mobilestation, cordless phone, or a personal digital assistant type of devicelike laptop, notebook, notepad equipped with a wireless data connection.The UE may also be associated with non-humans like animals, plants, oreven machines. A UE may be equipped with a SIM (Subscriber IdentityModule) comprising unique identities such as IMSI (International MobileSubscriber Identity) and/or TMSI (Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity)associated with a subscriber using the UE. The presence of a SIM withina UE customizes the UE uniquely with a subscription of the subscriber.

Within the context of the present application, the term “communicationnetwork” or short “network” may particularly denote a collection ofnodes or entities, related transport links, and associated managementneeded for running a service, for example a telephony service or apacket transport service. Depending on the service, different node typesor entities may be utilized to realize the service. A network operatorowns the communication network and offers the implemented services toits subscribers. Typical examples of a communication network are radioaccess network (such as 2G, GSM, 3G, WCDMA, CDMA, LTE, WLAN, Wi-Fi),mobile backhaul network, or core network such as IMS (IP MultimediaSystem), CS (Circuit Switched) Core, PS (Packet Switched) Core.

Within the context of the present application, the term “control node”refers to a node of the communication network primarily performingcontrol procedures for sessions or calls and services of a subscriber ofthe communication network. The term typically refers to those entitiesof the communication network handling control plane, subscriber data,services, or signaling traffic associated with user traffic in thecommunication network. In a core network a control node may be a MSC,MME (Mobility Management Entity), SGSN (Serving Gateway Support Node),P-CSCF (Proxy Call State Control Function), S-CSCF (Serving-CSCF), orTAS (Telephony Application Server) node.

Within the context of the present application, the term “packet controlnode” refers to a control node of the packet core network. Examples ofpacket control node are MME or SGSN.

Within the context of the present application, the term “pool of MSCs”,also known as MSC Pool, refers to a group of MSC nodes sharing inparallel the traffic generated from one MSC Pool area. A BSC/RNC nodebelonging to an MSC Pool area is connected to all the MSC nodes in therelated MSC pool. All MSCs within a pool are connected to all BSCs/RNCs.All MSCs within a pool have the same radio access network relatedsettings. An MSC of the pool has no knowledge about the behavior of thesurrounding MSC nodes, whether they belong to the same MSC pool or not.The MSC pool concept is mainly applicable for the BSC/RNC, as theBSC/RNC can see a pool of MSC nodes.

It should be understood that although the present application refers tocontrol nodes such as a MSC, or a packet control node such as a MME orSGSN, these control nodes could be implemented as functional units andmay not necessarily be located at a fixed place or are not implementedin a dedicated hardware. These control nodes may be implemented “in thecloud” in a Network Function Virtualization (NFV) scenario where thefunction of the control node is running as a virtual software instanceon an all-purpose computing platform in a data center. The NFV conceptfurther allows moving such a virtualized software instance from onecomputing platform to another, even during running operation, or even toanother data center. This concept further allows functionallydistributing sub-functions of the control node to different computingplatforms, located in the same or even in different data centers.

Referring to FIG. 1, this figure shows a diagram illustrating a systemfor MSC in Pool 130, where a UE 100 is attached to a MSC of the pool 130via a packet control node 140 according to the invention.

In this system the MSC Pool 130 comprises three MSC nodes, MSC 1 320,MSC 2 122, and MSC 3 124. So a first MSC corresponds to the MSC 320while a second MSC corresponds to MSC 2 122 or MSC 3 124.

Three RNC/BSC 110 are depicted as radio access network, where all of thethree RNC/BSC 110 are connected to all MSC 320, 122, 124 of the MSC Pool130 in a full mesh fashion. A UE 100 may attach to an MSC of the MSCPool 130 via any of these three RNC/BSC 110. Shown is an example whereUE 100 is connected to the MSC Pool 130 via RNC/BSC 110. A RNC may usethe RANAP protocol to communicate with an MSC 320, 122, 124 of the MSCPool 130, while a BSC may use BSSAP for that purpose.

By alternative, a UE 100 may use LTE or 4G radio and may in this case beconnected to the MSC Pool 130 via a packet control node 140, here shownas MME/SGSN 140. Also all the MME/SGSN 140 are connected to all MSC 320,122, 124 of the MSC Pool 130 via a fully mesh of connections. Shown isan example where a UE 100 is connected to the MSC Pool 130 via MME/SGSN140. A MME/SGSN 140 may use the SGsAP protocol to communicate with anMSC 320, 122, 124 of the MSC Pool 130.

The communication network further comprises a HLR, where all subscriberdata of the served subscribers are stored. The HLR communicates with anyof the MSC 320, 122, 124 of the MSC Pool 130 via the MAP (MobileApplication Part) protocol.

The MME/SGSN 140 may also form a pool of packet control nodes, such thatthe MME/SGSN 140 may be part of that pool of MME/SGSN. This option isnot shown in the figure as this aspect is not relevant in the presentapplication.

Since this figure depicts the general system structure, in realimplementations the MSC 320, 122, 124 of the MSC Pool 130 may befunctional equivalent, however within the context of the presentapplication it is assumed that the MSC 1 320 supports the additionalfunctionality as of this application. Similarly, the MME/SGSN 140corresponds to the packet control node 140 and further corresponds tothe MME 340 in FIG. 3 or the SGSN 440 in FIG. 4.

If a UE 100 is attached to the MSC Pool 130, for example attached to MSC1 320, the registration of the UE 100 in MSC 1 320 can be moved toanother MSC 122, 124 of the MSC Pool 130 and thereby redistributing theregistration of the UE 100 in the MSC Pool 130.

Referring to FIG. 3, this figure shows a sequence diagram forredistribution of a UE 100 registration, where the UE 100 is attached toMSC 1 320 of the MSC pool 130 via a MME 340 node and SGs-interfaceaccording to the invention.

The flow starts when the operator orders the redistribution of UE 100registrations within the MSC Pool 130. The purpose of thisredistribution may be to offload a specific MSC 320, 122, 124 of the MSCPool 130, if for example the traffic load within the pool is unevenlydistributed and a particular MSC is higher loaded than the other MSCs ofthe Pool 130. So the purpose may be to even out the load within the pool130. The purpose may also be to redistribute the load within the pool130 in case a new MSC is added into the pool 130, so the new MSC shallreceive traffic immediately, reducing the load on the other MSCs in thepool 130. Another purpose may be to remove all UE registrations from aMSC of the pool 130, and redistributing all the UE 100 registrations tothe other MSCs of the pool 130. The reason may be to perform maintenancework on the offloaded MSC or even to remove the MSC from the pool. Sinceall UEs registered in that MSC are redistributed to other MSCs of thepool 130, there is no service interruption for the subscriber. Theredistribution order is typically entered in a central O&M Center 160,and the O&M Center 160 sends 350 the corresponding O&M order to the MSC1 320, from where the UE 100 registrations shall be removed.

The MSC 1 320 receives 350 the O&M order from the O&M Center 160 toredistribute UE 100 registrations within the MSC pool 130. This O&Minstruction may contain already at least one registration identity to beredistributed. Typically, such O&M instruction will not contain anyregistration identity, which leaves the task of selecting UE 100registrations to be redistributed to the MSC 1 320. The MSC 1 320 mayprovide different selection algorithms such as random selection, selectSGs attached UE 100 registrations only, select Gs attached UEregistrations only, all, one specific UE 100 registration, a test UE 100registrations only, BSC/RNC attached UE registrations, or all UE 100registrations. The O&M instruction may by alternative provide anidentifier of a target MSC, towards which UE registrations shall beredistributed to. In another alternative, or in addition, the O&Minstruction may comprise an identifier for a UE registration to beredistributed. Such UE registration identifier may be an IMSI.

After the MSC 1 320 has selected the UE 100 registrations that shall beredistributed, it is assumed here that there is at least one UE 100registration where the UE 100 is attached to the MSC 1 320 via a MME340, so via a SGs interface. The MSC 1 320 sends a redistribution order352 to the MME 340, via which the UE 100 is attached to the MSC 1 320.The redistribution order 352 may be a SGsAP protocol message.

If there are multiple UE 100 registrations attached via MME 340, thatshall be redistributed, the different UEs may be attached to the MSC 1320 via different MMEs. So the redistribution order to the MME 340 maybe send in parallel to more than one MME 340, each redistribution ordercomprising one or many UE 100 registrations identities. A suitable UE100 registration identity may be for example the IMSI, so theredistribution order 352 from the MSC 1 320 to the MME 340 may comprisea list of IMSIs to be redistributed, wherein all the IMSIs shall beknown in the MME 340.

If the O&M instruction provided an identifier of a target MSC, the MSC 1320 also forwards this target MSC identifier to the MME 340 within theredistribution order 352.

The MME 340 receives the redistribution order 352 from the MSC 1 320.The MME 340 then extracts the IMSIs from that order, and if applicable,the identifier of a target MSC. The following steps are then performedby the MME 340 for each of the comprised IMSIs individually.

The MME 340 triggers the UE 100 to perform a tracking area updateprocedure. This is done by the MME 340 by sending a S1 message 354 UEContext Release. This causes the UE 100 to release its current packetcontext with the packet core network. After the packet context isreleased, the UE 100 initiates an EMM (EPS Mobility Management) message356 Tracking Area Update Request initiating a tracking area updateprocedure.

The MME 340 receives the Tracking Area Update Request 356. In case morethan one IMSI was provided in the redistribution order 352 from the MSC1 320, the MME 340 continues to wait until all UEs have responded with atracking area update procedure. Once all UEs have responded, the MME 340acknowledges 358 to the requesting MSC 1 320 that all UE 100registrations redistributions are triggered. This acknowledgement may bea SGsAP message.

The MSC 1 320 receives the acknowledgement 358 that all ordered UE 100registrations redistributions are triggered.

The MME 340 now triggers the UE to be registered into a new MSC of thepool 130. In step 360 the MME 340 selects a new MSC 122, 124 out of theMSC pool 130 as a new redistribution target. The MME 340 may supportdifferent selection algorithms such as random selection, load sharing,round robin, capacity weighted round robin, based on UE type, UEcapabilities, subscribed subscriber features, subscriber identity, orsubscriber home network.

If an identifier of a target MSC was received within the redistributionorder 352 from the MSC 1 320, the selection algorithms simply selectsthis MSC as redistribution target.

After the new MSC has been selected, in this case MSC 3 124 wasselected, the MME 340 sends 362 a Location Update message to the MSC 3124. Triggering a location area update procedure to the MSC 3 124 iscaused by reception of a routing or tracking area update operation fromthe UE 1. The Location Update message may be a SGsAP message andcomprises the IMSI of the UE 100 to be registered.

The MSC 3 124 receives 362 the Location Update message and triggers thestandard location update procedure by informing 364 the HLR 150 of thelocation update. The HLR 150 then cancels 366 the registration in theMSC 1 320, inserts the subscriber data into the MSC 3 124 (not depicted)and acknowledges 368 the location update to the MSC 3 124.

The MSC 3 124 acknowledges 370 the location update to the MME 340 (maybe a SGsAP message), which then acknowledges 372 the location update tothe UE 100.

Referring to FIG. 4, this figure shows a sequence diagram forredistribution of a UE 100 registration, where the UE 100 is attached toa MSC 320 of the MSC pool 130 via a SGSN 440 node and Gs-interfaceaccording to the invention.

The case where the UE 100 is attached to the MSC 320 via a SGSN 440 isvery similar to the MME 340 sequence of FIG. 3 and only significantdifferences are highlighted.

The O&M Center 160 send the redistribution order 450 to the MSC 320. TheMSC 320 receives the redistribution order 450. Then the MSC 320 sends aredistribution order 452 to the SGSN 440, via which the UE 100 isattached to the MSC 1 320. The redistribution order 452 may be a BSSAP+message.

The SGSN 440 instructs 454 the UE 100 to perform an IMSI detach. Thistriggers the UE 100 to trigger a routing area update procedure bysending 456 a RAU (Routing Area Update) Request message. Then the SGSN440 acknowledges 458 to the MSC 1 320. This acknowledgement 458 may beBSSAP+message.

The SGSN 440 then selects 460 the redistribution target MSC, in thiscase MSC 3 124 and sends 462 a Location Update message to the MSC 3 124.This Location Update message may be a BSSAP+ message.

The MSC 3 124 receives 462 the Location Update message and triggers thestandard location update procedure by informing 464 the HLR 150 of thelocation update. The HLR 150 then cancels 466 the registration in theMSC 1 320, inserts the subscriber data into the MSC 3 124 (not depicted)and acknowledges 468 the location update to the MSC 3 124.

The MSC 3 124 acknowledges 470 the location update to the MME 340 (maybe a BSSAP+ message), which then acknowledges 472 the location update tothe UE 100. The UE 100 confirms by sending 474 RAU Complete message.

Referring to FIG. 5, this figure shows a flow diagram in a MSC 320acting as first MSC according to the invention.

The flow starts in step 510 when the MSC 320 receives a request toredistribute UE registrations. This request may be an O&M order receivedfrom an O&M Center 160.

In step 520 the MSC 320 selects the UE registrations that shall beredistributed. Selected may be one or several UE registrationsidentified by a UE registrations identifier such as the IMSI.

In step 530 the MSC 320 determines whether among the selected UEregistrations for redistribution there are UE registrations where the UEis attached to the MSC 320 via a packet control node 140 such as the MMEor SGSN. If there are no such UE registrations, the flow stops and theprior art UE registration redistribution is applied.

If in step 530 there is at least one UE registration, where the UE isattached to the MSC 320 via a packet control node 140, the flowcontinues with step 540.

In step 540 the MSC 320 sends a redistribution order to the packetcontrol node 140. The redistribution order comprises at least one IMSIidentifying a UE registration to be redistributed. In addition, thisredistribution order may comprise an identifier of a target MSC forredistribution.

In step 550 the MSC 320 receives a UE registration redistributionacknowledgement from the packet control node 140. This acknowledgementconfirms that the UE registration redistribution has been triggered bythe packet control node 140.

In step 560 the MSC 320 receives a cancel location message from the HLRordering the MSC 320 to cancel the registration of a UE identified by anIMSI.

The MSC 320 will then in step 570 remove the UE registration from theMSC 320, which completes the UE registration redistribution procedure.

Referring to FIG. 6, this figure shows a flow diagram in a packetcontrol node 140 according to the invention.

The flow starts in step 610 when packet control node 140 receives aredistribution order for redistributing UE registrations from a MSC. TheUE registrations to be redistributed are identified by one or several UEregistrations identifier such as the IMSI. In addition, thisredistribution order may comprise an identifier of a target MSC forredistribution.

In step 620 the packet control node 140 initiates detach of the UE orthe release of the current packet context in the UE. Also the signalingconnection to the UE may be released.

This causes the UE to initiate a tracking/routing area update procedure,where in step 630 the packet control node 140 receives the correspondingsignaling from the UE.

In step 640 the packet control node 140 acknowledges the triggering ofthe UE registration redistribution to the requesting MSC.

In step 650 the packet control node 140 selects the target MSC towardswhich the UE registration shall be redistributed. If a target MSC wasreceived within the redistribution order, this MSC is selected asredistribution target.

In step 660 the packet control node 140 initiates a location updateprocedure towards the selected target MSC to register the UE into thetarget MSC, which completes the UE registration redistributionprocedure.

Referring to FIG. 7, this figure shows a block diagram illustrating aMSC acting as first MSC according to an embodiment. The illustratedentity may correspond to the MSC 1 320. The MSC 1 320 may be adapted toperform one or more steps of the above described method shown in FIG. 5.

The MSC 320 may comprise a number of functional units, which aredescribed in further detail below and which are adapted to performrespective method steps.

A processing unit 700 of the MSC 320 may be adapted execute steps forcontrolling the UE registration redistribution in the MSC pool. In apractical implementation the processing unit 700 may be one processortaking care of all the above functions, or may also be distributed overmore than one processor, wherein the functions are distributed over theavailable processors.

The MSC 320 may further comprise a sending unit 702 and a receiving unit704 via which the MSC 320 can communicate with other entities of thecommunication network such as the BSC/RNC 110, the HLR 150, the MME/SGSN340/440 or the O&M Center 160. The sending unit 702 may send outsignaling messages composed by the processing unit 700. The receivingunit 704 may receive signaling messages from those communication networkentities above and forward the received signaling messages to theprocessing unit 700 for handling. The MSC 320 may comprise more than onesending unit and receiving unit for signaling capacity and redundancyreasons.

The MSC 320 may also comprise a storing unit 706 for storing informationrelated to controlling the UE registration redistribution in the MSCpool. The storing unit 706 may comprise various types of memory such asvolatile memory, non-volatile memory, hard disk drives, solid statedrives, a network interface to a database or a data center, securedigital cards, or hardware such as smart cards, non-reversible chips,security chips, security modules, or trusted platform module devices.The storing unit 706 may be used by the processing unit 700 to storeinformation, for example program code or data related to a UEregistration.

The MSC 320 may also comprise a UE registration selector unit 708 forselecting the UE registrations out of the stored UE registrations thatshall be subject to UE registration redistribution. The UE registrationselector unit 708 may be adapted to perform different selectableselection algorithms such as random selection, all SGs attached UEregistrations, all Gs attached UE registrations, all, one specific UEregistration, test UE registrations only, BSC/RNC attached UEregistrations, or all UE registrations.

The MSC 320 may further comprise a UE registration redistribution unit710 for coordinating the UE registration redistribution, such assegmenting the UE registration redistribution into manageable batches ofUE registration, if a larger number of UE registrations shall beredistributed. A manageable batch may be given by the number of UEregistration identities that can be packed into one redistribution ordermessage from the MSC 320 to the MME/SGSN 340/440. The next batch may beinitiated by the UE registration redistribution unit 710 after a UEregistration redistribution acknowledgement has been received from theMME/SGSN 340/440.

Referring to FIG. 8, this figure shows a block diagram illustrating apacket control node according to an embodiment. The illustrated entitymay correspond to the packet control node such as MME/SGSN 340/440. The340/440 may be adapted to perform one or more steps of the abovedescribed method shown in FIG. 6.

The MME/SGSN 340/440 may comprise a number of functional units, whichare described in further detail below and which are adapted to performrespective method steps.

A processing unit 800 of the MME/SGSN 340/440 may be adapted to executesteps for controlling the UE registration redistribution in the MSCpool. In a practical implementation the processing unit 800 may be oneprocessor taking care of all the above functions, or may also bedistributed over more than one processor, wherein the functions aredistributed over the available processors.

The MME/SGSN 340/440 may further comprise a sending unit 802 and areceiving unit 804 via which the MME/SGSN 340/440 can communicate withother entities such as the UE 100, or the MSC 320. The sending unit 802may send out signaling messages composed by the processing unit 800. Thereceiving unit 804 may receive signaling messages from those entitiesabove and forward the received signaling messages to the processing unit800 for handling. The MME/SGSN 340/440 may comprise more than onesending unit and receiving unit for signaling capacity and redundancyreasons.

The MME/SGSN 340/440 may also comprise a storing unit 806 for storinginformation related to controlling the UE 100 registrationredistribution in the MSC pool. The storing unit 806 may comprisevarious types of memory such as volatile memory, non-volatile memory,hard disk drives, solid state drives, a network interface to a databaseor a data center, secure digital cards, or hardware such as smart cards,non-reversible chips, security chips, security modules, or trustedplatform module devices. The storing unit 806 may be used by theprocessing unit 800 to store information, for example program code ordata related to a UE packet registration.

The MME/SGSN 340/440 may also comprise a first trigger unit 808 adaptedto trigger the UE 100 to perform a routing or tracking area updateprocedure.

The MME/SGSN 340/440 may further comprise a second trigger unit 810adapted to trigger the UE 100 to be registered to the second MSC 120.

The MME/SGSN 340/440 may also comprise a MSC selector unit 812 adaptedto select the target MSC 120 out of the MSCs in the pool to which the UE100 registration shall be redistributed. The MSC selector unit 812 maybe adapted to perform different selectable selection algorithms such asrandom selection, load sharing, round robin, capacity weighted roundrobin, based on UE type, UE capabilities, subscribed subscriberfeatures, subscriber identity, or subscriber home network.

According to another embodiment, a computer program is provided. Thecomputer program may be executed by the processing units 700 and/or 800of the above mentioned entities 320 and/or 340/440 respectively suchthat a method for UE registration redistribution function in a MSC pool,taking also into account UEs attached via SGs/Gs-interface as describedabove with reference to FIG. 5 or 6 may be carried out or be controlled.In particular, the entities 320 and/or 340/440 may be caused to operatein accordance with the above described method by executing the computerprogram.

The computer program may be embodied as computer code, for example of acomputer program product. The computer program product may be stored ona computer readable medium, for example a disk or the storing unit 706and/or 806 of the entities 320 and/or 340/440, or may be configured asdownloadable information.

One or more embodiments as described above may enable at least one ofthe following technical effects:

-   -   It is possible to redistribute all UE registrations in a MSC to        other MSCs of the pool.    -   The UE registration redistribution function is fully functional        also for subscribers attached to a MSC of the pool via a        MME/SGSN.    -   Efficient bulk redistribution of UE registrations by providing a        list of UE registration identifiers in the redistribution order        from the MSC to the MME/SGSN.

Modifications and other embodiments of the disclosed invention will cometo mind to one skilled in the art having the benefit of the teachingspresented in the foregoing descriptions and the associated drawings.Therefore, it is to be understood that the embodiments are not to belimited to the specific embodiments disclosed and that modifications andother embodiments are intended to be included within the scope of thisdisclosure. Although specific terms may be employed herein, they areused in a generic and descriptive sense only and not for purposes oflimitation.

The invention claimed is:
 1. A method for redistributing a registrationof a user equipment from a first MSC to a second MSC, wherein the firstMSC and the second MSC are members of a pool of MSCs, the user equipmentbeing registered in the first MSC and being attached to the first MSCvia a packet control node, the method comprising: receiving, by thefirst MSC, an instruction to redistribute user equipment registrations;sending, by the first MSC, a redistribution order to the packet controlnode, wherein the redistribution order comprises at least one identifierof a user equipment registration to be redistributed; triggering, by thepacket control node, the user equipment to perform a routing or trackingarea update procedure, wherein triggering the user equipment to performa routing or tracking area update procedure comprises sending a detachinstruction to the user equipment; and triggering, by the packet controlnode, the user equipment to be registered to the second MSC.
 2. Themethod claim 1, wherein the instruction to redistribute user equipmentregistrations is received from an operation and maintenance center. 3.The method of claim 1, wherein the first MSC selects the user equipmentregistrations to be redistributed.
 4. The method of claim 1, whereintriggering the user equipment to perform a routing or tracking areaupdate procedure comprises releasing the signaling connection to theuser equipment.
 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the packet controlnode acknowledges the triggering of the redistribution of theregistration of the user equipment to the first MSC.
 6. The method ofclaim 1, wherein triggering the user equipment to be registered to thesecond MSC comprises triggering a location area update procedure to thesecond MSC, and thereby causing the user equipment to be registered tothe second MSC.
 7. The method of claim 6, wherein triggering a locationarea update procedure to the second MSC is caused by reception of arouting or tracking area update operation from the user equipment. 8.The method of claim 6, wherein triggering a location area updateprocedure to the second MSC causes the packet control node to select thesecond MSC from the pool of MSCs.
 9. The method of claim 8, wherein thepacket control node applies a load sharing algorithm to select thesecond MSC from the pool of MSCs.
 10. A packet control node forredistributing a registration of a user equipment from a first MSC to asecond MSC, wherein the first MSC and the second MSC are members of apool of MSCs, the user equipment being registered in the first MSC andbeing attached to the first MSC via the packet control node, the packetcontrol node comprising a processor and a memory, the memory containinginstructions executable by the processor whereby the packet control nodeis operative to: receive, from the first MSC, a redistribution order toredistribute the registration of the user equipment, wherein theredistribution order comprises at least one identifier of a userequipment registration to be redistributed; trigger the user equipmentto perform a routing or tracking area update procedure by sending adetach instruction to the user equipment; and trigger the user equipmentto be registered to the second MSC.
 11. The packet control nodeaccording to claim 10, further operative to select the second MSC fromthe pool of MSCs.
 12. The packet control node according to claim 10,wherein the packet control node is operative to trigger the userequipment to perform a routing or tracking area update procedure byreleasing the signaling connection to the user equipment.
 13. The packetcontrol node according to claim 10, wherein the packet control node isoperative to acknowledge the triggering of the redistribution of theregistration of the user equipment to the first MSC.
 14. The packetcontrol node according to claim 10, wherein the packet control node isoperative to trigger the user equipment to be registered to the secondMSC by triggering a location area update procedure to the second MSC,and thereby causing the user equipment to be registered to the secondMSC.
 15. The packet control node according to claim 14, wherein thepacket control node triggering a location area update procedure to thesecond MSC is caused by a reception of a routing or tracking area updateoperation from the user equipment.
 16. The packet control node accordingto claim 14, wherein the packet control node triggering a location areaupdate procedure to the second MSC causes the packet control node toselect the second MSC from the pool of MSCs.
 17. The packet control nodeaccording to claim 16, wherein the packet control node is operative toapply a load sharing algorithm to select the second MSC from the pool ofMSCs.
 18. A system for redistributing a registration of a user equipmentfrom a first MSC to a second MSC, wherein the first MSC and the secondMSC are members of a pool of MSCs, the user equipment being registeredin the first MSC and being attached to the first MSC via a packetcontrol node, the system comprising: the first MSC, wherein the firstMSC comprises a processor and a memory, the memory containinginstructions executable by the processor whereby the first MSC isoperative to: receive an instruction to redistribute user equipmentregistrations; and send a redistribution order to the packet controlnode; the second MSC; the packet control node, wherein the packetcontrol node comprises a processor and a memory, the memory containinginstructions executable by the processor whereby the packet control nodeis operative to: receive, from the first MSC, a redistribution order toredistribute the registration of the user equipment; trigger the userequipment to perform a routing or tracking area update procedure; andtrigger the user equipment to be registered to the second MSC; the userequipment; a Home Location Register; and an Operation and MaintenanceCenter.
 19. A computer program product for redistributing a registrationof a user equipment from a first MSC to a second MSC, wherein the firstMSC and the second MSC are members of a pool of MSCs, the user equipmentbeing registered in the first MSC and being attached to the first MSCvia a packet control node, the computer program product stored on anon-transitory, computer readable medium and comprising programinstructions, which when executed by at least one processor, causes theat least one processor to: receive, by the first MSC, an instruction toredistribute user equipment registrations; send, by the first MSC, aredistribution order to the packet control node, wherein theredistribution order comprises at least one identifier of a userequipment registration to be redistributed; trigger, by the packetcontrol node, the user equipment to perform a routing or tracking areaupdate procedure by sending a detach instruction to the user equipment;and trigger, by the packet control node, the user equipment to beregistered to the second MSC.